Pengaruh Fee-Based Income Sebagai Proksi Digitalisasi Terhadap Profitabilitas Perbankan

Abstract

The rapid development of digitalization has transformed banking services and created new sources of fee-based income. However, whether digitalization necessarily improves bank profitability remains an open question. This study examines the effect of Fee-Based Income (FBI) as a proxy for digitalization on bank profitability in Indonesia and explores whether its effects differ across bank groups. Using panel data from 17 banks, comprising 13 KBMI 3 banks and 4 KBMI 4 banks, over the 2016-2025 period, digitalization is proxied by FBI, while profitability is measured by Return on Assets (ROA). The analysis employs a Fixed Effects Model, with Panel EGLS applied to the KBMI 3 group. The model includes SIZE, BOPO, and LDR, while NPL and CAR are added as control variables. The results show that FBI has a negative and significant effect on ROA among KBMI 3 banks, while its effect is insignificant among KBMI 4 banks. The findings indicate that digitalization proxied by FBI does not automatically translate into higher profitability and that its effects vary across bank groups.